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XAGE-1 is a member of the family of cancer-testis antigens. It has restricted expression in normal tissues, but is upregulated in a wide range of cancers. In situ hybridization analysis using XAGE-1 as a probe was performed on tissue sections from normal breast (upper right) and an infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma (lower panel). XAGE-1 was only weakly expressed in the normal breast tissue. However, the signal was very intense in the breast cancer. No signal was detected using a negative control probe on the breast tissue section (upper left). For details, see 441 in this issue.