This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Laheru, D. A. Articles by Jaffee, E. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Laheru, D. A. Articles by Jaffee, E. M. Related Collections Cancer Immunology Cancer Immunology: Immunotherapy

Minireview

Genes to vaccines for immunotherapy: how the molecular biology revolution has influenced cancer immunology

Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

Requests for reprints: Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Bunting-Blaustein Cancer Research Building, Room 4M07, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21231. Phone: 410-955-2957; Fax: 410-614-8216. E-mail: ejaffee{at}jhmi.edu

Recent advances in our understanding of the complex signaling pathways involved in immune system regulation, along with analyses of genetic differences between tumors and their normal cellular counterparts, have accelerated development of immune-based strategies for cancer treatment and prevention. More clinically relevant animal models have shown that successful immune-based strategies will require the integration of interventions that target specific tumor antigens with regulators of the antitumor immune response. Immunotherapy for cancer is at a critical crossroad, as therapeutics designed to target cancer-associated antigens and regulatory signaling molecules enter clinical trials. We outline here a paradigm for early-stage clinical development of immunotherapy combinations that use vaccines to drive tumor antigen-specific responses while simultaneously targeting immune regulatory pathways.

¹ D.A. Laheru and E.M. Jaffee, personal communication.

Received 5/16/05; revised 6/23/05; accepted 7/ 8/05.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. W. Nienhuis Development of gene therapy for blood disorders Blood, May 1, 2008; 111(9): 4431 - 4444. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Napoletano, A. Rughetti, M. P. Agervig Tarp, J. Coleman, E. P. Bennett, G. Picco, P. Sale, K. Denda-Nagai, T. Irimura, U. Mandel, et al. Tumor-Associated Tn-MUC1 Glycoform Is Internalized through the Macrophage Galactose-Type C-Type Lectin and Delivered to the HLA Class I and II Compartments in Dendritic Cells Cancer Res., September 1, 2007; 67(17): 8358 - 8367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]