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1 Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research and 2 Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
Requests for reprints: Mark R. Kelley, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, 1044 West Walnut, Building R4, Room 302C, Indianapolis, IN 46202. Phone: 317-274-2755; Fax: 317-278-9298. E-mail: mkelley{at}iupui.edu
In an effort to improve the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy by intervening into the cellular responses to chemotherapeutic change, we have used adenoviral overexpression of N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG or ANPG/AAG) in breast cancer cells to study its ability to imbalance base excision repair (BER) and sensitize cancer cells to alkylating agents. Our results show that MPG-overexpressing cells are significantly more sensitive to the alkylating agents methyl methanesulfonate, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, methylnitrosourea, dimethyl sulfate, and the clinical chemotherapeutic temozolomide. Sensitivity is further increased through coadministration of the BER inhibitor methoxyamine, which covalently binds abasic or apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites and makes them refractory to subsequent repair. Methoxyamine reduction of cell survival is significantly greater in cells overexpressing MPG than in control cells, suggesting a heightened production of AP sites that, if made persistent, results in increased cellular toxicity. We further explored the mechanism of MPG-induced sensitivity and found that sensitivity was associated with a significant increase in the number of AP sites and/or single-strand breaks in overexpressing cells, confirming a MPG-driven accumulation of toxic BER intermediates. These data establish transient MPG overexpression as a potential therapeutic approach for increasing cellular sensitivity to alkylating agent chemotherapy.
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Received 3/29/04; revised 5/26/04; accepted 6/17/04.
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